It is a
structure, normally curved. While undergoing vertical loads, it motivates its
two end supports to produce reactions with interiorly headed horizontal
components.
Application:
—
Generally, the arches are utilized as a bridge,
supporting a roadway, railroad track, or footpath, and as part of a building,
where it arranges a large open space uninterrupted by columns. Arches are generally
formed with steel, reinforced concrete, or timber.
Technical Aspects:
—
The arch produces a structure that reduces
tensile stresses by stretching an open space. All the forces are settled into
compressive stresses.
—
It is effective since some of the existing
building materials like stone, cast iron and concrete can potently withstand
compression but are very feeble when tension, shear or torsional stress is implemented
to them. With the use of the arch configuration, substantial spans can be obtained.
Hinge
Introduction:
—
Two unknowns. The reaction are two components
of Force, or the magnitude and direction ะค of the consequential force .
—
At the hinge joint moment is zero i.e. it can’t
withstand the bending moment generated by external force.
Categorization
Hinge
less Arch:
—
The hinge-less arch applies no hinges and authorizes
no rotation at the foundations.
Two
Hinged Arch:
—
The two hinged arch applied hinged bearings
which permit rotation. The only forces produced at the bearings belong to
horizontal and vertical forces.
Three Hinged Arch:
—
The three-hinged arch includes a supplementary hinge at the top or crown of the arch. The three-hinged arch is affected marginally
if there exist movement in either foundation (because earthquakes, sinking,
etc.)
Tied Arch:
—
The tied arch is a variation on the arch that
facilitates construction although the ground is not solid enough to manage the
horizontal forces.
Three
hinged circular arch
- A three hinged system may or may not have a vertical axis of symmetry. In the first case the central hinge c will lie on the axis of symmetry and the hinges at the support A and B are at same level.
